What is no see ums?

No-See-Ums: Tiny Biting Midges

No-see-ums, also known as biting midges, punkies, or sand flies, are tiny, biting insects that can be a major nuisance, especially in coastal and swampy areas. Their small size makes them difficult to see, hence the name "no-see-um."

• Identification: No-see-ums are typically 1-3 mm long. Identifying them by appearance can be difficult due to their small size, but they are often dark in color. Their distinguishing features are more obvious under a microscope. Learn more about their identification.

• Habitat and Distribution: They thrive in humid environments, including salt marshes, mangrove swamps, and freshwater wetlands. No-see-ums are found worldwide, with different species prevalent in various regions. Find out about their habitat.

• Biting Behavior: Only the female no-see-um bites, as she needs blood to develop her eggs. Their bites are often disproportionately painful compared to their size and can cause intense itching and welts. Get more information on their biting.

• Health Concerns: While no-see-um bites are primarily a nuisance, in some parts of the world, they can transmit diseases, although this is less common than with mosquitoes. The main health concern in most areas is the allergic reaction and secondary infections from scratching the bites. More details about Health Concerns

• Prevention and Control: Several strategies can help prevent no-see-um bites, including:

  • Using insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.
  • Wearing long-sleeved clothing and pants, especially during peak activity times (dawn and dusk).
  • Avoiding areas known to be heavily infested.
  • Using fine-mesh screens on windows and doors.
  • Fans can also help as no-see-ums are weak fliers.
  • For broader control, professional pest control services may be necessary, particularly around large areas. Read about control measures.

• Treatment: Treatment for no-see-um bites typically involves:

  • Washing the affected area with soap and water.
  • Applying calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream to relieve itching.
  • Taking oral antihistamines for more severe reactions.
  • Avoiding scratching the bites to prevent infection. Read more about Treatment.